Where is Cyprus? Cyprus from A to Z: holidays in Cyprus, maps, visas, tours, resorts, hotels and reviews The official name of Cyprus at present.
is an island state in the Mediterranean Sea whose claimed territory includes part of the island of Cyprus, excluding the British military bases of Akrotiri and Dhekelia, and several nearby islands.
Geography
The Republic of Cyprus controls 60% of the territory of the island of Cyprus, of the declared 98% (not including the territory of the military bases of the United Kingdom), as well as the islands of Agios Georgios, Geronisos, Glyukiotissa, Kila, Kiedes, Cordylia and Mazaki.
Population
Since the division, the vast majority of Greek Cypriots live in the south, while the Turks live in the north. The total population is about 790 thousand people, of which 160 thousand are Turks. Also in Cyprus live 17 thousand Englishmen, 35 thousand Russians, 4 thousand Armenians. After the 1974 war, some 180,000 Greek Cypriots fled or were forcibly resettled to the south. About 42 thousand Turks moved to the north. And only in the city of Pyla, Larnaca district, under the UN-appointed administration, both groups of the population live.
Religion
The majority of the population of Cyprus - ethnic Greeks - professes Orthodox Christianity, while the ethnic Turks profess Islam.
The Cypriot Orthodox Church has the status of a quasi-state institution and plays a prominent role in the socio-political life of the country; Primate of the Cyprus Church - Archbishop of New Justiniana and all Cyprus. In addition to the temples (more than 500) found in almost every village, the church has 11 monasteries in Cyprus, which own significant and most fertile lands on the island, with year-round artificial irrigation, and other large property.
The Armenian, Catholic, Maronite churches, as well as Judaism and other religions are represented..
The 1960 Constitution (Article 19) stipulates that every person has the right to freedom of speech, conscience and religion. All religions are equal before the law and no legislative, executive or administrative act of the Republic may discriminate against any religious institution or religious organization. Every person has the right to freedom of religion, he can study his religion individually or collectively. The only valid restrictions on such freedom are defined in the Constitution of the Republic and control the security of the Republic and its citizens. All these regulations indicate that there is no religion recognized as official on the island. They also guarantee the protection of the rights of the three religious groups that make up a minority of the population (Catholics, Armenians and Maronites).
Story
The advantageous strategic position of Cyprus in the Mediterranean Sea contributed to the fact that during its history it changed hands more than once, remaining on the periphery of various empires. Having become part of Byzantium in 395, it was captured by the crusader troops of Richard the Lionheart during the Third Crusade in 1191, becoming one of the Crusader states. Already in 1192, the island was transferred to the French crusader Guy de Lusignan, who founded the Lusignan dynasty in the Kingdom of Cyprus.
In 1489, the last queen of Cyprus, Eugenia Cornaro, transferred the island to the Venetian Republic, which was already defeated by the Turks in 1571. Ottoman rule in Cyprus continued until 1878. In 1878, the Cyprus Convention of 1878 was concluded between the British Empire and Turkey, a secret Anglo-Turkish treaty on a “defensive alliance” directed against Russia. The treaty was signed on June 4, 1878 in Istanbul before the opening of the 1878 Berlin Congress. Great Britain pledged to help the Ottoman Empire “by force of arms” if Russia, having retained Batum, Ardahan and Kars, tried to acquire new territories in Asia Minor. In exchange, Türkiye agreed to the British occupation of the island of Cyprus. The convention was annulled by the British on November 5, 1914 due to Turkey's entry into World War I on the side of Germany and the annexation of Cyprus by Great Britain.
The island gained independence in 1960, soon becoming the scene of clashes between the Greek and Turkish communities. In 1974, the island was actually divided into Greek and Turkish parts. In 2004, Cyprus joined the European Union, and in 2008 it joined the eurozone.
Transport
The British colonial authorities built a railway on the island. It opened in 1905 and had 39 stations and stops, including Famagusta and Nicosia. In 1951-52 it was closed due to low profitability.
The roads in Cyprus are among the best in the European Union, and are divided into main, auxiliary asphalt, country roads and motorways. Driving is on the left. The main 4 roads run along the southern coast from Larnaca to Limassol and lead to Nicosia.
The only form of public transport is buses. Cyprus has two international airports, in Paphos (16 km from the city) and in Larnaca (2 km from the city). There is a regular flight from Moscow to Larnaca - Aeroflot, Transaero. There is also an airport in Nicosia, but due to the Greek-Turkish conflict it is closed. The main airline serving the island is Cyprus Airways.
Larnaca Airport opened in 1975, following the forced closure of Nicosia Airport, and is partly located on land previously used by Britain as a military base.
Major seaports, after the closure of Famagusta, are Limassol and Larnaca.
Tourism
The tourism industry is one of the main sources of national income. The Cyprus Tourist Organization (CTO) is responsible for it. A significant part of the population works in this sector, and the profit brought by tourism is the main source of foreign currency income to the republic’s budget. Over the past 4 years, the number of tourists visiting Cyprus has increased by 29%, and income from tourism has increased by 40%.
Largest resorts:
Larnaca
Pathos
Limassol
Ayia Napa
Protaras
Famagusta (under TRNC control).
Kyrenia (under TRNC control).
Many beaches in Cyprus have been awarded the Blue Flag of the European Union for their environmental cleanliness and infrastructure. Most of these beaches are municipal; there is a fee for renting sun loungers and parasols.
The city of Nicosia (Leukosia) is the capital and largest city of Cyprus. It is located in the center of the island, and is divided by the “green line”. The urban areas to the north of it are controlled by the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.
The second largest city in Cyprus is the seaport of Limassol, founded in Byzantine times. To the west of it is the British sovereign base of Akrotiri.
Among the resorts in Cyprus, Ayia Napa is the center of club life, along with Ibiza, and is aimed mainly at young people. For family holidays, mainly Paphos and Protaras are suitable.
The city of Paphos is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, and is also famous for its nearby Aphrodite Bay. According to legend, in this place the goddess of love and beauty was born from sea foam.
The sights of Cyprus are a mixture of different eras - the Byzantine castle of Kolossi, in which Isaac Comnenus took refuge from the crusaders, the church in which Richard I the Lionheart married Princess Berengaria of Navarre, Venetian fortresses, British left-hand traffic.
The main attraction in the north of the island is Famagusta with the medieval Othello Tower, and the “ghost town” (Varosha quarter).
Geographical proximity to a number of Mediterranean countries allows tourists to take sea cruises to Egypt, Israel, the island of Rhodes or Jordan.
Cruise ships depart from the seaports of Larnaca and Limassol, and correspond to 3-5 star hotels. The cruise time is usually about two days. Upon arrival in Israel, a visa requirement applies; entry may be denied.
When renting cars by Russian citizens, a standard driver's license is accepted; an international driver's license is not required. There may be an age limit depending on the car rental company.
Cars rented to tourists have red license plates that begin with the letter Z.
It should be remembered that traffic in Cyprus is on the left.
All drivers must give way to pedestrians moving along a pedestrian crossing.
In cities such as Nicosia, Larnaca, etc., you can get stuck in traffic jams; Free parking may also be difficult.
The British heritage includes, in addition to driving on the left, a power supply standard - three-pin sockets (one of them is grounding, analogous to the side contact of a Euro plug), but the voltage is not 230V, as in the UK, but 240V.
The local population traditionally adheres to Orthodox Christianity. There are a large number of Orthodox churches on the island, and many Orthodox icons are on sale. Among the attractions of Cyprus are Orthodox shrines, such as the tomb of St. Lazarus in Larnaca.
Many shops and banks on the island are closed on Wednesday and Saturday, and on weekdays - only 8-00 - 13-00 and 15-00-17-30 in winter, 16-00 - 19-00 in summer.
There remains some tension in relations between the two communities. When communicating with Greek Cypriots, it is not recommended to mention the Turkish occupation of the northern part of the island. A particularly painful topic is the “ghost town” of Varosha.
Photographing the border zone between the Greek and Turkish sectors, military personnel and military installations is prohibited.
Among the ethnic Greeks in Cyprus you can find a certain number of immigrants from the former USSR (Pontic Greeks).
Currency
Until January 1, 2008, the national currency was the Cypriot pound (CYP). 1 CYP was approximately equal to 2 US dollars, and was divided into 100 cents. The banknotes had inscriptions in three languages - English, Greek and Turkish.
The equivalent of "pound" is "lira", commonly used in Turkish in Cyprus.
The pound was established in 1879, and until 1960 was equal to the British pound sterling. Just like the pound sterling, it was divided into 20 shillings. However, unlike the pound sterling, it was divided into 9 piastres (kurus), which established a connection with the previous currency, the Turkish lira, which was also divided into kurus. Following the example of the Turkish lira, piastres (kurusi) were divided into 40 para. The pair were never used on coins or banknotes, but were included on postage stamps.
Coins of ¼, ½ and 1 piastre were introduced. The quarter piastre coin was called by the Greek Cypriots dekara (from deka - “ten”), since it was equal to ten para, ½ piastre - ikosara (“ikosi” - twenty). Coins were also issued in 3, 4½, 9, 18 piastres, 1 and 2 shillings.
In 1959, Cyprus introduced a decimal system, dividing the pound into 1,000 milles (“thousandths”). The 5 mille coin was called the “piastra” (approximate analogue), and the 20 mille coin was called the “shilling” (exact analogue). In 1983, the division into 100 cents ("hundredths") was additionally introduced. The smallest coin remained the 5 mille, renamed the ½ cent, and subsequently cancelled.
Mille coins are currently out of circulation. 1 or 2 cent coins are rare. Typically, sellers try to round prices to the nearest 5 cents.
From January 1, 2008, the transition to the euro was carried out at a fixed rate of 0.585274 CYP per euro. The decision on this was made by the European Commission on May 16, 2007 (together with Malta), confirmed by the European Parliament on June 20, 2007, and by the leaders of the European Union on June 21, 2007. The exchange rate was determined at a meeting of EU finance ministers on July 10, 2007.
Pounds remained in legal circulation (when paid in cash) until January 31, 2008. Banknotes were accepted by banking institutions until June 30, 2008.
The largest bank in Cyprus is Bank of Cyprus.
Politic system
After independence, Cyprus became a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement, despite the fact that all three guarantor powers (Britain, Greece and Turkey) were members of NATO. In 2004, Cyprus left the Non-Aligned Movement in order to join the European Union, but retained a special observer status in this organization.
The 1960 constitution envisioned a presidential republic with separation of powers between executive, legislative and judicial, and quotas to protect the interests of ethnic Turks. The President and Vice-President were elected by the Greek and Turkish communities respectively for a five-year term, and had the right to veto certain initiatives of the legislative and executive branches.
The House of Representatives was elected on the basis of separate votes from both communities. Since 1964, the seats of the Turkish community have remained unoccupied.
After the split of the island, the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is headed by a President and a Prime Minister, responsible to the National Assembly.
The TRNC authorities reject the sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus over the entire territory of the island, and call it “the Greek authorities of Southern Cyprus”. Accordingly, the Republic of Cyprus and the international community, with the exception of Turkey, do not recognize the TRNC, and designate it as “territories occupied by Turkish troops.”
Administrative division
The Republic of Cyprus is divided into 6 regions (Greek: επαρχίες dioceses).
Nicosia (Λευκωσία Levkosia), tour. Lefkoşa (Levkosha) - divided between the Greek and Turkish sectors;
Famagusta (Αμμόχωστος Amokhostos), tour. Gazimağusa, Mağusa (Gazimagusa, Magusa) - Turkish sector;
Kyrenia (Κυρέvεια), tour. Girne (Girne) - Turkish sector;
Larnaca (Λάρνακα), tour. Lârnaka, İskele (Larnaca, Iskele) - Greek sector;
Limassol (Λεμεσός Lemesos) - Greek sector;
Paphos (Πάφος), tour. Baf (Baf) - Greek sector.
Enclaves and exclaves
Cyprus has four exclaves belonging to the British sovereign bases of Akrotiri and Dhekelia.
Between the Greek and Turkish sectors there is a UN buffer zone, which is de facto (but not de jure) also an exclave.
International status
Since May 1, 2004, Cyprus has been a member of the European Union. Citizens of the Russian Federation are required to obtain a uniform EU visa. As of November 2007, Cyprus is not part of the Schengen zone.
The legal route of arrival to the island is through Paphos or Larnaca airports, or the seaports of Larnaca or Limassol. Illegal - through Turkey, and the ports of Northern Cyprus, sea or air.
Since January 1, 2008, Cyprus has been part of the eurozone, that is, the national currency - the Cypriot pound - has been replaced by the euro.
The Republic of Cyprus adheres to a policy of non-alignment and is not a member of NATO.
The Turkish sector is indicated on maps as “territory inaccessible due to Turkish occupation”, the same on the map of the northern part of the city of Nicosia. The names of the cities in Northern Cyprus are given as of 1974; there are no road signs for these cities.
Cyprus Map
Properties located in Northern Cyprus, which were owned by ethnic Greeks until 1974, continue to be considered their property. The purchase of such real estate may be considered legal in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, but the authorities in the Greek sector may regard such a step as buying stolen property.
Formally, 98% of the island’s territory is under the sovereignty of the Republic of Cyprus, minus the British military bases. De facto, 38% of the territory is occupied by the unrecognized Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.
Movement between the two parts of the island is free, provided you have a legal visa from the Republic of Cyprus. A visa for the unrecognized Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is issued upon entry. Insurance coverage may not apply to Turkish territory.
When returning from the northern part of the island, a customs inspection may be carried out. Since prices in Turkish territory are significantly lower, the import of goods from it is limited.
The Republic of Cyprus may refuse entry to persons who have a stamp in their passport indicating a visit to the Republic of Macedonia. This fact is connected with the dispute between this state and Greece over its name.
Diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union were established in August 1960. On April 7, 1992, the Republic of Cyprus recognized the Russian Federation as the legal successor of the USSR. Russian embassies are located in the cities of Nicosia and Larnaca.
Persons with a visitor visa are prohibited from working. A work permit must be obtained before arriving in the Republic of Cyprus.
Referendum on island unification
In April 2004, referendums were held in both Cypriot republics on unification into a single state. The proposed plan for unifying the island was named after its author, UN Secretary General Kofi Annan. 65% of TRNC citizens participating in the referendum supported Annan’s plan, 75% of Greek Cypriots rejected the plan.
Membership in international organizations
The Republic of Cyprus is a member of the following organizations: Australian Chemical and Biological Weapons Monitoring Group, British Commonwealth of Nations, Council of Europe, EU Common Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, European Investment Bank, European Union, Food and Agriculture Organization UN (FAO), International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), International Civil Aviation Organization, International Chamber of Commerce, International Criminal Court, International Meteorological Organization, International Monetary Fund, International Hydrographic Organization, International Labor Organization, International Finance Corporation, International Development Fund Agriculture, International Development Association, International Trade Union Confederation, Interpol, Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), International Telecommunication Union, Non-Aligned Movement, Inter-Parliamentary Union, International Organization for Migration, Nuclear Suppliers Group, International Olympic Committee, Permanent Court of Arbitration, Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, OSCE, UN, UNIDO (United Nations Industrial Development Organization), United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), World Federation of Trade Unions, World Intellectual Property Organization, World Meteorological Organization, World Health Organization, World Confederation of Labor, World Customs Organization, World Tourism Organization, Universal Postal Union, WTO.
Economy
Advantages: tourism contributes 20% of GDP. Industry and services for neighboring eastern countries. Member of the EU.
Weaknesses: Requirement for stricter control and action against capital flight and taxes. Limited liberalization. There is no foreign investment in Northern Cyprus.
The economy of Cyprus is strongly influenced by the division of the island into the Greek sector (Republic of Cyprus) and the Turkish sector (the self-proclaimed Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus).
The Greek sector's economy is thriving, but is highly exposed to external risks. Growth rates in the 1990s reflect the island's dependence on fluctuations in tourist numbers and changes in economic conditions in Western Europe. In January 2008, the island entered the Eurozone, and its monetary policy will be dictated by the European Central Bank.
The Turkish sector represents one fifth of the population and one third of the GNP compared to the Greek part of the island. Due to the fact that it is only recognized by Turkey, Northern Cyprus has difficulties with international financing and foreign firms generally avoid investing there. Half of the workforce is employed in agriculture, government and military service. In circulation in the northern part of the island is the Turkish lira. Türkiye also provides direct and indirect assistance to tourism, education, industry, etc.
In both sectors there is a problem of water supply, and the construction of desalination plants is planned.
Past and present: Offshore sector and the lowest taxes in the EU
The offshore regime for International Business Companies, which was in force since January 1, 1977, ceased on May 1, 2004 (since the Republic of Cyprus joined the EU). The offshore regime of Cyprus assumed the application of a corporate tax rate of 4.25% for companies that did not operate in the territory of the Republic. Currently, international business companies do not exist (they were either liquidated or re-registered during 2004-2005). The Income Tax Act 2002 imposes a general corporation tax rate of 10% on all types of companies (the lowest in the European Union). The existence of resident and non-resident companies is provided for.
A tax resident of Cyprus is a company whose management is located in Cyprus, and whose effective management takes place in Cyprus (it is sufficient that a large number of directors, for example 2 out of 3, are tax residents of Cyprus, or better yet citizens, and also that all meetings of the board of directors and decisions on transactions, etc. were made in Cyprus). A tax resident individual is a person who has been in Cyprus for more than 183 days. It is important to note that an Agreement for the Avoidance of Double Taxation was signed between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Cyprus in 1998.
The formation, operation and liquidation of companies is regulated by the Companies Law of the Republic of Cyprus (The Companies Law, Cap. 113). The main motive for purchasing a company registered in the Republic of Cyprus is that, according to paragraph 22 of Art. 8 “Exemptions” of the Law of the Republic of Cyprus dated July 15, 2002 No. 118(I)/2002 “On Income Tax”, income from the sale of securities is exempt from taxation. Securities in the Republic of Cyprus are understood as shares, bonds, government bonds or shares of participants in companies or other legal entities established both in Cyprus and in any other jurisdiction (bills of exchange do not apply to them).
In December 2008, the State Revenue Service of the Republic of Cyprus issued information letter No. 2008/13 dated December 17, 2008, containing an expanded list of “securities” for income tax purposes of legal entities. This clarification comes into force from the moment the letter is issued.
In accordance with the above list, securities may include:
ordinary shares, founders' shares and preferred shares;
bonds, debentures and claims on bonds and debentures;
options on securities;
short options positions, futures, forwards and swaps on securities;
depository receipts for securities;
derivative securities linked to various indices;
repurchase agreements for securities;
shares in the capital of companies that do not have shares (shares in the capital of Russian LLCs);
shares in open or closed investment funds established, registered and operating in accordance with the provisions of the legislation of the country in which they are created.
The following types of companies can be created in Cyprus:
private limited company (may be exempt)
public limited company
Most often, Cypriot companies are used as holding companies, financial group companies, investment companies, international trading companies, leasing companies, companies in royalty schemes.
In addition, for Cypriot resident companies (who pay taxes in Cyprus), the application of EU tax directives is available, which provides various benefits. See EU Tax Law in detail.
The volume of accumulated investments coming to Russia from Cyprus and even more through Cyprus, by 2008 amounted to more than 40 billion US dollars (out of a total volume of approximately 200 billion). Cyprus is consistently in the top three in terms of investment in the Russian economy. This is directly related to preferential taxation in Cyprus.
Since 2008, preferential taxation of dividends has been applied in Russia if their recipients are Russian organizations that have subsidiaries with their strategic participation, located both abroad and in Russia. The Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation has approved a list of states to which these norms do not apply. Cyprus is one of these countries. The Cypriot authorities call this list “black” and consider it a serious problem. Currently, the Russian Ministry of Finance and the Cyprus Ministry of Finance are negotiating to exclude Cyprus from the list. Russia links the resolution of this issue with the conclusion of a protocol to the Agreement on the Avoidance of Double Taxation dated December 5, 1998 (04/16/2009 The Protocol was initialed in its final form.). Cyprus will also have to be more loyal to Russia in terms of providing information.
In December 2008, the Ukrainian government proposed to the Verkhovna Rada to denounce the Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement between the USSR and Cyprus, which is still in force in relation to Ukraine, but the Verkhovna Rada rejected this proposal. According to the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, in 2007, 4 billion 817 million 530 thousand hryvnia were transferred from Ukraine to Cyprus in the form of income. At the same time, the losses of the state budget of Ukraine from the application of the provisions of the Soviet-Cyprus agreement on the avoidance of double taxation amounted to 722 million 630 thousand hryvnia.
Compliance with OECD tax transparency and information sharing requirements
In August 2008, Law 72(I) amended the Law (Cap 4 of 1978) “On the Calculation and Collection of Taxes”, providing for the issuance of tax information in accordance with Art. 26 of the OECD Model Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation on Income and Capital.
The changes make it possible to circumvent, for tax purposes, legislative provisions prohibiting the disclosure of information, including provisions on bank secrecy and obligations on non-disclosure of information obtained in the course of professional activities, which include rules on the obligation to maintain the confidentiality of information received from the client and data protection. However, the right to legal professional privilege (client-client privilege) is maintained and, therefore, any information provided by the client during discussions to his lawyer cannot be disclosed to any third parties.
The key provisions of the changes made are:
The Cyprus tax authorities may not provide information where there is no mutual reciprocity (legislative provisions to implement the arrangement) between Cyprus and the other Contracting State regarding the information to be exchanged. Therefore, the requesting State is required to have similar provisions and/or administrative powers to carry out the exchange of information at the request of the Cyprus tax authorities.
The Cyprus tax authorities may exercise their powers to collect the requested information only after obtaining written consent from the Attorney General of Cyprus.
The Cyprus tax authorities may request information in relation to any persons, including companies and partnerships, which have been wound up and struck off the Register of Companies.
The Cyprus tax authorities may request any books, records or other documents, information or information in the possession, control, possession or control of any person. The requesting state is required to provide the Cyprus tax authorities with the following information:
— Information identifying the person being investigated;
– A description of the information requested, as well as the content and manner in which the requesting State wishes to receive information from the Cyprus tax authorities;
— Reasons and grounds for believing that the information requested is held by the Cyprus tax authorities, or may be in the possession or control of a person over whom Cyprus exercises jurisdiction;
— The name and address of any person who may have the information requested, to the extent that it may be available;
— A statement that the provision of information is subject to the law and administrative powers of the requesting State, and when the requested information is found and established in the jurisdiction of the requested State, the relevant authorities will be able to obtain the information in accordance with their laws and normal administrative powers;
— A statement that the requesting State has exhausted all measures available to it in its jurisdiction to obtain the information requested, excluding those measures the implementation of which would impose an undue burden.
Legislation and judicial system
The legal system of Cyprus in its modern form developed during the period of British colonial rule on the island (1878-1960). English law had a decisive influence on the formation of most branches of law; many legal institutions are no different from English ones. By the time of the British occupation of Cyprus in 1878, Ottoman law was in force on the island, which by this time was almost completely codified, with most codes borrowed from France. The new law, however, had not yet taken root by that time.
The Cyprus Courts of Justice Order of 1882 established that in cases where at least one of the defendants was not an Ottoman subject, English law applied, and in other cases, Ottoman law.
Ottoman law in Cyprus included 5 codes, which were gradually replaced by English colonial legislation. The Ottoman Criminal Code was replaced in 1928 by the Cypriot Penal Code, introduced by Order in Council; the Ottoman Commercial Code - the Partnership Law of 1928, the Bill of Exchange Law of 1928 and the Bankruptcy Law of 1930. The Ottoman Civil Code (Majalla), which was a codification of Sharia law, was also gradually repealed and replaced by a number of major acts. In 1930, The Contract Law, Cap. 149, was introduced, which was a very complete codification of English contract law. This act was based on the Indian Contract Act 1872 and the Zanzibar Contract Ordinance 1917. The Torts Act 1933 was a codification of English tort law (Cyprus is now the only country in the British Commonwealth where tort law is codified) . The remaining Majalla articles were replaced by other legislation. The Ottoman Land Code was replaced by the Real Estate (Holding, Registration and Valuation) Law of 1945. Finally, the Maritime Code is still in force to the extent that it does not contradict the Merchant Shipping Act of 1894.
In addition to the above codes, during the period of British rule, some other branches of law were codified (for example, criminal procedure, mining).
Following the independence of Cyprus, the provisions of the English legal system were introduced by the Courts of Justice Law in 1960. In the terminology of this Act, civil and criminal courts are required to comply with the provisions of English common law “so far as they are not inconsistent with the laws in force in Cyprus.” present, or amendments to them have not been made by the Constitution.” In cases where relations are not regulated by the laws of Cyprus, the island's courts must resort to the provisions of common law and equity.
Independent Cyprus is developing its own case law.
In family law and some issues of personal status, the dominant role was retained by religious law (respectively, church law in the Greek community and Muslim law in the Turkish community).
Cyprus does not have its own legal higher education institutions. Greek Cypriots receive their legal education mainly in Greece and the UK.
At the time of the creation of the independent Cypriot state, it was assumed that the judicial system would have to reflect the bicommunal nature of the country. The highest judicial bodies - the Supreme Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court (they were merged in January 1964) - were to be headed by neutral chairmen who would not belong to any of the national communities, but had a decisive vote and had to maintain balance between the Greek Cypriots and the Turkish Cypriots members of the above courts.
The 1960 Constitution provided that Turkish Cypriots were tried only by a Turkish judge, while Greek Cypriots were tried by a Greek judge. If the litigation involved Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots, the case was heard by a mixed court. Communal offices of lawyers of Greeks and Turks were created, which had legislative and administrative powers regarding disputes on issues of education, religion, culture, sports, cooperatives and credit societies. After intercommunal clashes in 1963, mixed courts ceased to exist. The Supreme Court consists of 13 members appointed by the President of the Republic. It is the highest court of appeal in the country. The Supreme Court appoints judges of lower courts and decides all issues related to their professional promotion, disciplinary liability, dismissal, etc.
Civil cases and minor crimes carrying penalties of up to 3 years' imprisonment or a fine of up to £500 are heard in the District Courts. The Assize Courts have jurisdiction over more serious cases. The court of appeal against them is the Supreme Court of Cyprus. There are no courts in the Republic of Cyprus that deal with special categories of criminal cases (for example those related to state security). However, there are special courts for certain non-criminal cases: the Labor Court, the Rent Control Court and the Family Court. These courts exercise exclusive jurisdiction in relevant matters and their decisions can only be appealed as a matter of law to the Supreme Court. The Attorney General of the Republic of Cyprus (Prosecutor General) acts as the chief legal adviser to the President of the Republic and the Council of Ministers and at the same time is the Director of the Department of Public Prosecutions.
The Supreme Court of the separate state - the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus - includes a chairman and 4 judges. It also performs the functions of the constitutional court, the highest administrative court and the court of cassation. Just as in the Republic of Cyprus, district courts composed of 1 judge hear cases punishable by imprisonment for a term of no more than 3 years, assize courts composed of 3 judges hear more serious cases.
In 1991, the position of Ombudsman (commissioner for human rights) was established in the Republic of Cyprus. The legal profession is organized in the form of partnerships operating on the basis of the Partnership Law (repeats the English Law of 1890 of the same name). Upon completion of their legal education, candidate attorneys must pass a bar exam administered by the Legal Board and undergo a one-year internship with an attorney with at least five years of experience. A lawyer with at least 3 years of experience has the right to appear in any court in the country.
Economy of Northern Cyprus
The problems of the economy of the so-called TRNC (Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, which is recognized only by Turkey and Nakhchivan, an Autonomous Entity within Azerbaijan) include a lack of investment, qualified labor and experienced managers, to which is added inflation, and dependence on the Turkish lira. Türkiye provides 55% of North Cyprus's exports and receives 48% of its imports. The European Court, in a ruling dated 5 July 1994, declared illegal the British practice of importing goods from Northern Cyprus that have the appropriate licenses and certificates from the self-proclaimed Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. According to the decree, EU members can only accept goods that have certificates from the Republic of Cyprus. This decision caused a decline in the TRNC's exports to the EU, from 66.7% of total exports in 1993 to 35% in 1996. Despite this, the EU remains the TRNC's second largest trading partner.
The first most important foreign trade partner for the TRNC is Turkey, which provides significant economic assistance. Since the Turkish lira is in circulation in the TRNC, until 2005, hyperinflation was a negative factor, which continued until the introduction of the new Turkish lira.
The authorities of the Turkish sector of Cyprus adhere to the principles of free foreign trade, and allow permanent residents to have bank accounts in foreign currency.
Also, the TRNC authorities are widely trying to sell real estate to foreigners, which is directly prohibited by the legislation of the Republic of Cyprus.
A well-known dispute is between Mr. Apostolidi and the Orams (citizens of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland), which arose in connection with the latter's acquisition of a plot of land in Northern Cyprus from a private seller. Mr. Apostolidi, whose family was forced to leave northern territory of the island, appealed to the District Court of Nicosia, which on 09.11.2004 supported his demands in the absence of defendants (19.04.2005 The court, already in their presence, refused to cancel the decision) to recognize his ownership of the land plot, and also obliged the spouses Orams to demolish the villa, destroy the swimming pool and pay various amounts, including legal costs.12/21/2006 The Supreme Court of the Republic of Cyprus rejected the appeal of the Orams spouses.
On 18.10.2005, Mr. Apostolidi applied in accordance with EU Regulation No. 44/2001 of 22.12.2000 “On jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters” to the competent UK court for recognition and enforcement of judgment decision of the Cypriot court dated 09.11.2004, as a result of which on 21.10.2005 the Master of the Queen's Bench Division of the High Court of England and Wales ruled in an order that this decision of the Cyprus court is subject to performance in England.
Spouses Orams in accordance with Art. 43 of the Rules successfully challenged the order before a High Court Judge, Mr Justice Jack. In turn, Mr. Apostolidi appealed for challenging such a decision to cancel the order in accordance with Article 44 of the Regulations to the Court of Appeal, which, by order of 06/19/2007 (received on 09/14/2007), prejudicially appealed to the EU Court of Justice.
Telecommunications
The dominant telecommunications company and internet service provider is the government-owned CYTA. Due to recent liberalization, several private companies have emerged in this sector.
Education and science
In total, there are six universities in Cyprus: 3 public and 3 private. Public ones include the University of Cyprus, the Open University of Cyprus and the Cyprus University of Technology. In addition to three private universities (European University of Cyprus, Frederick University of Cyprus and University of Nicosia), there are several institutes: the Cyprus Academy of Public Administration, the Graduate School of Hospitality Management, the Mediterranean Institute of Management and the Cyprus International Institute of Management.
National holidays
New Year - January 1
Epiphany - January 6
Green Monday (beginning of Lent, 50 days before Orthodox Easter)
Greek National Day - March 25
Cyprus National Day - April 1st
Good Friday - Variable Date
Bright Monday (Monday after Easter)
International Labor Day - May 1st
Kataklysmos (festival in honor of the Great Flood), Monday after Trinity
Dormition - August 15
Cyprus Independence Day - October 1
National holiday of Greece (OHI Day) - October 28
Christmas Eve - December 24
Christmas – December 25
Christmas time - December 26
Cypriot cuisine
The cuisine of Cyprus is based on Mediterranean dishes, primarily Greek and Turkish. These include meze (a set of numerous snacks and dishes united by one theme - meat or fish), common in Greece and Turkey, and kleftiko - baked goat or lamb meat. But traditional is the use of goat meat.
Kleftiko translates as “stolen meat,” as shepherds used to hide stolen meat in the ground and cook it by building a fire on top. Today this dish is prepared in a tightly closed oven. Thanks to the cooking method, the meat is tender and falls off the bones easily.
Also traditional are grilled dishes - souvla and souvlaki. Deep-fried keftedes and sheftalia cutlets (minced meat with herbs and grated potatoes).
Local seafood dishes include squid and octopus in red wine. Among sweets, jam made from local fruits, vegetables and nuts is common - from soft-shell walnuts, eggplants, figs, etc.
Cypriots also consider their dish to be churchkhella (in Greek “shuzhuko”) - nuts strung on ropes and covered with congealed grape syrup. Rose water is widely used in cooking.
Cypriot coffee "metrio" is similar to Turkish coffee - served directly with grounds and a glass of ice water.
Cinnamon is of great importance in Cypriot cuisine - it is added to almost all dishes: sweets, meat, cutlets, vegetable stews.
The wine Commandaria is famous, the production of which began during the times of the Crusaders. Local beers KEO and Leon are popular.
British culinary heritage is reflected in the traditional "English breakfast" of scrambled eggs, bacon and beans. Some bars serve beer in English pints.
Armed forces
The backbone of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Cyprus is the National Guard (Greek: Εθνική Φρουρά), founded in 1964, and including land (ground), sea (navy) and air (air) components. The total strength of the National Guard is about 14 thousand people.
The ground forces of the National Guard of the Republic of Cyprus include the 1st and 2nd infantry divisions, the 3rd and 4th separate infantry brigades, the 20th separate armored brigade, the separate Commando brigade, the field artillery command, units and units of central subordination.
The air component includes 449 and 450 helicopter squadrons, an aviation training squadron, a separate missile defense division, two air defense divisions, and an air defense missile system battery. (for more details see Cyprus Air Force)
The naval forces include a naval base (Zygi) and are armed with several patrol boats (for more details, see Cyprus Navy and Maritime Police).
In addition, on the basis of the “Treaty on Security Guarantees of the Republic of Cyprus” of 1960, Greece maintains its troops on the territory of the Republic of Cyprus (ELDIK - Greek Ελλινικών Δυνάμεων στην Κύπρο) numbering over two thousand people.
The main suppliers of weapons and military equipment are Greece, Russia and France. The United States and Great Britain imposed an arms embargo due to the unresolved Cyprus problem.
Personnel are recruited by conscription from among men over the age of 16 years, the duration of conscript service is 24 months (from January 1, 2009 - the decision of the Cabinet of Ministers was made in mid-December 2008, before that the conscription service period was 25 months), and is mandatory for persons whose father is a Greek Cypriot. For religious minorities (Armenians, Catholics, Christians - Maronites) conscription is not mandatory. Turks are not subject to conscription.
Guests of the island - men over 16 years of age - with a Cypriot father must obtain an exit visa from the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Cyprus.
Embassies and consulates
Moscow, Povarskaya st., 9 (metro station Arbatskaya) Phone: (495) 744-2933, 744-2934
Embassy opening hours: Monday - Friday from 9.00 to 16.30
The consular section is open for receiving documents: Monday-Friday from 10.00 to 14.00
For issuing documents: Monday-Friday from 14.00 to 15.00
Passports, in order to obtain a visa on the day of their submission, must be submitted no later than 12.00 noon.
Days off: Saturday-Sunday
Representative office of the Ministry of Tourism of Cyprus in Moscow
St. Dmitry Ulyanov, house 16, bldg. 2, apt. 125. tel. 124-00-61, fax 124-33-97. Art. Akademicheskaya metro station. Opening hours: Monday - Friday from 11:00 to 16:30.
Attractions
The main attractions of the country: the tomb of Lazarus, the tomb of Hala Sultan, the archaeological Museum of Antiquities.
In the old part of Famaguasta there is a fortress of the 14th-15th centuries, where the prototype of Othello, the Venetian commander Christopher Moreau, lived in a tower.
Ruins of the ancient city of Salamis.
Near Kyrenia are the ruins of the Gothic Abbey of Bellapais, the Museum of Shipwrecks.
Stavrovouni Monastery, founded, according to legend, in 327 by Saint Helena.
Cyprus is an independent country. Cyprus gained independence in 1960, and before that it was a British colony. What remained from the British was driving on the left, legislation, the widespread use of the English language and much more.
Cyprus is located in the eastern Mediterranean, east of Greece, west of Lebanon, Syria and Israel, south of Turkey and north of Egypt.
The local population speaks two official languages - Greek and Turkish. In fact, English is spoken everywhere.
Northern and Southern Cyprus
The natives of the island, Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots, live in different parts of the island after 1974, hence Northern and Southern Cyprus are also incorrect names. In fact, the entire island belongs to the Republic of Cyprus, but as a result of the Turkish invasion of 1974, the northern part was occupied, and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus was self-proclaimed there. The TRNC is not recognized by anyone except Turkey itself. So since then, residents of the two parts of the island have been waiting for reunification.
Isn't Cyprus part of Greece?
Cyprus has extensive cultural ties with Greece, but Cyprus is not part of Greece.
This is the very place you want to return to again and again for a lot of positive emotions and unforgettable impressions!
This small piece of land in the blue waters of the Mediterranean Sea is called a variety of epithets: island of wine, island of love, olive island, paradise!
Kyrenia ancient city
General information about the country
Before we plunge into the atmosphere of bliss and bliss, let's first figure out Cyprus - what country is it?
Northern Cyprus
According to official sources, the territory of the Republic includes 98% of the island of Cyprus and 7 nearby islands.
Ancient city of Kourion in Cyprus
The island of Cyprus is an attractive destination for travelers
In terms of size, Cyprus is the third peninsula in the Mediterranean Sea after Sardinia. Its total area is 9251 km. Geographically, it belongs to Asia.
If you look at the world map, then three countries are famous neighbors:, and. Therefore, Cyprus can be considered a link between these three continents.
Pathos
This place is attractive to tourists as the island has a rich and eventful historical past. A trip to Cyprus can often be compared to a mini trip around the world.
Having visited the island, you can simultaneously see Gothic cathedrals, Byzantine monasteries, Venetian fortresses, Roman theaters, and Greek temples. The whole air of this island is saturated with secrets and mysteries of different eras!
Larnaca
Cyprus - beach holiday at sea
Each of us has heard about a beach holiday in Cyprus! Visiting the island of love is the dream of every tourist.
Tours to Cyprus are always popular due to the mild climate, unique nature, and clean beaches.
Church of Panagia
The variety of beaches here is so great that almost any tourist will be able to choose a suitable option for themselves.
Ferry "Zenobia"
The sea in Cyprus provides many opportunities to have a great time on vacation: admiring the sea views on board a yacht; basks in the warm rays of the sun on the snow-white sand; swim in crystal clear water; go fishing or hunting; sink to the bottom of the sea; surf and much more.
Cyprus, Protaras, Fig Tree Bay beach
What are the beaches in Cyprus
Fig Tree By Beach. The beach is considered the best in the resort of Protaras. It got its name because of its location: the beach is located near a vast fig grove.
There are also good conditions for children's recreation.
Kourion
Kourion beach. The beach is very popular among locals and guests, attracting primarily with its lush greenery, warm sand and gentle, gentle sea.
Located 20 km from Limassol.
Golden Beach
Golden Beach. The beach is located in the Turkish part of the island. This is a great place for a family holiday with children.
Everyone can find entertainment to their liking: diving, surfing, spas, yachting.
Lara Bay Beach
Lara. This beach is preferred for lovers of peace, solitude and silence. R
There is a beach a few kilometers from Paphos.
To summarize, what kind of country is Cyprus? This is a unique and amazing country with a rich history, reflected in cultural and architectural monuments.
Tourists from different parts of our planet come here to enjoy a magnificent beach holiday and at the same time visit historical attractions: ancient amphitheaters, Gothic temples, unusual medieval fortresses, beautiful Muslim mosques, ancient monasteries and cathedrals.
Have you been to Cyprus yet? We will help you make the right first impression of Cyprus in just 10 minutes! It's exciting and useful!
What kind of state is Cyprus?
Republic of Cyprus ( Greek Kipros,
tour. Kibris,
English Cyprus) is an island state in the Mediterranean Sea, a member of the European Union since 2004.
Political structure: The Republic of Cyprus is a presidential republic, has been a member of the European Union since May 1, 2004, and since January 1, 2008 has been part of the euro zone (the national currency, the Cypriot pound, was fixed at the rate of 0.585 pounds per euro).
The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is an unrecognized republic by the world community (recognized only by Turkey).
Territorial structure: After the 1974 conflict, the once united state of Cyprus was divided into two parts: the southern, the Republic of Cyprus (57.6%), and the northern, the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (36%). To prevent conflict, UN peacekeeping troops were sent to the island. To date, they occupy a buffer zone separating hostile territories (about 3.7% of the island’s territory). Another 2.7% of the territory was retained by Great Britain after Cyprus gained independence in 1960, and now there are two British military bases there.
Official languages: Greek (ROK) and Turkish (TRNC).
National currency: euro (ROK) and Turkish lira (TRNC).
Population: 839 thousand people (RoK, census from 2011) + 265 thousand people (TRNC, census from 2006).
Population
The population of the island is more than a million people, of which 839 thousand people live in the Republic of Cyprus: about 90% of the population of the republic are Greek Cypriots, the rest of the population are British, Russians and Armenians.
There are 265 thousand people in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, of which 1/3 are ethnic Turkish Cypriots, and 2/3 are immigrants from mainland Turkey.
Religion
The Republic of Cyprus is an Orthodox state. The Cypriot Orthodox Church is an autocephalous apostolic church. Religious traditions are very strong here, church holidays are public holidays, the first president of the Republic of Cyprus after the declaration of its independence was Archbishop Makarius III. There are more than 700 temples and monasteries in Cyprus. The most famous is the Kykkos Monastery in the Troodos Mountains. Also interesting are the small ancient churches of Troodos with wall frescoes (listed as a UNESCO world cultural heritage).
The majority of the population of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus preaches Islam.
Language
Official language of the Republic of Cyprus: Greek. As a legacy of British colonization, Cyprus inherited the ubiquitous English language, and thanks to the popularity of the resort among Russian-speaking tourists, you will be understood in Russian.
The official language of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is Turkish; in tourist areas they will speak to you in English and German.
Climate of Cyprus
The island's climate, combined with clean air and gentle warm sea, is ideal for relaxation at any time of the year. It is not for nothing that Cyprus ranks 31st in the world in terms of life expectancy.
The climate on the island is subtropical Mediterranean, characterized by hot, dry summers (temperatures up to +45°, humidity 40-60%) and warm winters (temperature +12°... +20°, humidity 60 - 80%). In the Troodos Mountains, the temperature is much lower than on the coast, which allows local residents to take a break from the heat in the summer, and even go skiing and snowboarding in the winter! The wettest months are December and January; precipitation in the form of rain is possible on the coast.
The summer months are the best time for a beach holiday on the coast. Don't forget your sunscreen and your holiday will be perfect.
In almost any hotel, cafe or restaurant in the Republic of Cyprus, visitors are provided with free Wi-Fi; the password can be obtained from the staff. A free network has appeared on many beaches in Cyprus.
But some hotels have begun to charge for Wi-Fi in their rooms (you can connect to the network for free only at the reception desk). IN Over the past few years, the practice has spread in many low- and mid-budget hotels to provide paid access to Wi-fi (about 15-20 euros per day). Please check this point when booking to correctly calculate the cost of your vacation.
How much is Cyprus actually worth?
There is an opinion that Cyprus is an expensive resort. However, this is not at all true - there are plenty of opportunities to organize a holiday for every taste and budget!
The most expensive months for a holiday in Cyprus are July and August; prices traditionally increase during the May and New Year holidays.
But during the most comfortable time for a vacation - the second half of September, October, early November - you can find excellent discounts on package tours and hotel accommodations. The most expensive hotels are in Limassol and Ayia Napa, followed by Paphos and Protaras. The most budget holiday on the coast is in Larnaca.
The cost of a week's holiday in Cyprus during the season will range from 650 to 1000 euros for two (and higher, depending on the level of the hotel). In the off-season you can go to the sea for a week for 500 euros for two. Package tours include flights and hotel accommodation. Cheap tours, as a rule, do not include meals - please specify meals and airport transfers when booking.
If you are planning an independent holiday, you must provide for the following expenses:
Flight: depending on the season and airline, the cost of the flight will be from 200 to 600 euros per person round trip. Keep an eye out for special offers from airlines - with promotions from airlines you can fly to Cyprus for only 100 euros per person.
Accommodation: choose the conditions and price to suit your taste: a stay in an apart-hotel will cost you 30-50 euros for two (usually meals are not included), 4* hotels will cost from 100-120 euros for two per day (usually breakfast is included at default). Hotels on the first line, as a rule, offer their clients free sun loungers and umbrellas on the beach. But if you are vacationing in another hotel or apartment, prepare to pay from 6 to 7.5 euros per day for an umbrella and 2 sun loungers.
Nutrition: breakfast (English or continental) will cost you 4-6 euros per person; dinner in a restaurant - from 15-20 euros per person. An excellent option for an inexpensive lunch - traditional souvlaki (kebabs) in pita bread with vegetables will cost you 8-10 euros. If you are planning to stay in an apart-hotel and cook your own food (the best option for a holiday with small children), count from 5-10 euros per person per day (depending on your menu).
Trips: In Cyprus, you definitely need to travel, this is the only way you will get the most complete pleasure from your vacation! Excursion around the island will cost from 40-45 euros per person (depending on the route and size of the group), the cost of an individual excursion for a group of up to 4 people - from 120 euros (4.5 - 5 hours) to 180 euros (8-9 hours) and 240 euros (10-12 hours), lunch is paid separately. You can rent a car(20-40 euros per day depending on the class of car and season, at least 3 days; gasoline in Cyprus costs 1.25 euros per liter 95). The island has developed bus service— the fare is 1.5 euros on a city route and from 7 euros on an intercity route (buses run quite rarely, keep an eye on the schedule).
Entertainment: visiting the water park will cost 29-38 euros per adult and 16-25 euros per child; the cost for boat trips varies from 10-12 euros (1-1.5 hour walk) to 50 euros (5 hour trip with lunch and drinks), individual yacht rental from 200 euros for two (it is advisable to check in advance); the cost of entrance tickets to state museums is from 2.5 to 4.5 euros per adult; sea attractions - from 7 euros (banana ride) to 40 euros (parachute flight).
Taxi (transfer): from Larnaca airport: to Larnaca hotel from 20 euros; to Ayia Napa from 40 euros; to Protaras and Limassol from 50 euros; to Paphos from 90 euros.
You can read more about how much food costs in stores and restaurant prices in the article Prices in Cyprus.
Transport in Cyprus
FLIGHTS
There are two airports in the Republic of Cyprus: in Larnaca (Hermes Larnaca International Airport LCA ) And in Paphos (Paphos International Airport PFO), which receive daily regular flights from Russia and Ukraine. You can get from Moscow to Cyprus by direct flights of Aeroflot (from Sheremetyevo SVO airport) and S7 (Domodedovo DME).
In addition, regular flights depart from Cyprus to Belarus, England, Germany, France, Greece, Israel, Syria, Libya, and Egypt.
The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus also has an airport near Nicosia (Ercan Uluslararasi Havalimani ECN). Since this airport is located on the territory of an unrecognized state, it cannot accept international flights; planes fly here only from Turkey. Tourists arriving at the airport of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus cannot enter the territory of the Republic of Cyprus.
Larnaca Airport offers direct transfers to Limassol and Nicosia. More information about the schedule of transfers to Limassol and Nicosia, respectively, can be found on the websites www.cyprusbybus.com and www.kapnosairportshuttle.com.
TAXI
A taxi will cost more than a bus, but it will take the passenger to the right place and at a convenient time. In the Republic of Cyprus, both taxi drivers and their cars undergo a fairly strict certification procedure, so you can use these services without fear. It is not customary for passing cars to “vote” here.
BUSES
Bus services connect the main cities of the Republic of Cyprus, in addition there are both urban and rural routes. This is an inexpensive and comfortable means of transportation (all buses are equipped with air conditioning), and although they run quite rarely (1 flight every 1-2 hours), they are on schedule (the current schedule can be obtained at the nearest bus station or on the website http://www.cyprusbybus. com/). Please note: the last flights depart quite early, and flights may be canceled on weekends and holidays! Payment is made in the bus upon boarding.
Airport transfers are usually included in the package tour price and are often provided by the hotel when booking independently (check when booking).
If you are staying in the cities of Paphos and Larnaca, you can use regular buses (cost 1.5 euros per adult, 0.75 euros for a child over 6 years old).
FERRY SERVICE
Ferries and cruise ships depart from the Republic of Cyprus from the port of Limassol and travel to the ports of Greece (Rhodes, Crete and mainland Piraeus), Bulgaria (Varna), Egypt (Port Said), Israel (Haifa), Syria (Latakia) and Italy (Ancocna). Also, liners cruising the Mediterranean Sea make a stop in Limassol.
In the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, two ports are connected by ferry to Turkey: the port of Kyrenia and the port of Famagusta. Please note that when arriving from Turkey to the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, you cannot enter the territory of the Republic of Cyprus.
Entertainment
Cyprus offers all types of water activities. Large water parks (the largest in Europe) have become very popular among tourists - WaterWorld In Ayia Napa and Fassouri Watermania in Limassol. There are smaller water parks in Paphos and Protaras that are perfect for visiting with children. Expect a full day at the water park - there are attractions for all family members and, believe me, you will want to come back!
The beaches offer a variety of water attractions - here you can ride a banana boat and water ski, rent a scooter or catamaran, and also take an unforgettable trip in a hot air balloon! In the sea harbors of resort towns you will be offered various programs of boat trips - fishing, a full-fledged trip with stops for swimming, watching the sunset.
The largest amusement park on the island - Paliasto Park- located in Ayia Napa. Every resort town in Cyprus has small amusement parks and slot machines. And in Protaras you can admire the unique Show of Dancing Fountains - Magic Dancing Waters- with a laser show and a real volcanic eruption!
Cuisine and traditions
The cuisine of Cyprus is quite simple - fresh vegetables and fruits, fresh meat and fish, the freshest bread and the inevitable olives) The national cuisine is Mediterranean.
Please note that in the mountainous regions meat cuisine is traditional, and in the coastal regions it is fish cuisine.
Cyprus has fresh, seasonal fruits and vegetables all year round.
National regulations guarantee no additives or chemicals, so you can forget about the nitrate horror stories and enjoy your fresh fruit!
About half of the land in Cyprus is occupied by agriculture - there are fresh vegetables and fruits here all year round! Main crops: olives, grapes, citrus fruits, melons, wheat, potatoes, almonds, walnuts, pomegranates, beans, cherries, apricots and peaches.
The wines of Cyprus are known far beyond the island - many wineries produce red and white wines, the famous knightly wine Commandaria, as well as strong drinks - brandy and zivania.
Dairy products, in particular Cypriot cheeses, will delight the most sophisticated gourmet.
Cypriot cuisine is one of the pillars of Mediterranean cuisine, and one of the most interesting attractions of the island!
Emergency numbers:
- Single number 112
- Fire Department 199 Sea air has a very beneficial effect on our body, because it’s not for nothing that the sea is considered the best healer! The beach season lasts from May to early November, but even in winter the water temperature does not drop below +17..+18 degrees! The beaches of Cyprus are considered one of the best in Europe; in 2018, 63 Cypriot beaches were awarded the Blue Flag for cleanliness and amenities (the unrecognized republic of Northern Cyprus does not participate in the rating, otherwise there would be much more awards!).
There is no heavy industry in Cyprus, therefore there are no harmful particles and compounds that poison us in large cities
We can talk endlessly about the benefits of mountain air; when vacationing in Cyprus, be sure to go to the Troodos Mountains. The highest point of the island is Mount Olympus (1951 m).Convenience for tourists— Cyprus is simply created for relaxation! Moreover, for completely different holidays - each tourist can choose his own format.
All cities and villages of Cyprus are equipped with the necessary infrastructure - shops and pharmacies, restaurants and cafes, banks.
One of the legacies of British colonization is excellent roads connecting all settlements. The traffic is on the left, but you get used to it quickly. All signs are maximally adapted for the convenience of foreign tourists.
An important aspect of a holiday in Cyprus is the absence of language barriers. Even if you don’t speak English (about 90% of Cypriots speak English), you will not be lost - many Cypriots speak Russian, in addition, many Russian-speaking citizens of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and the Baltic countries live and work in Cyprus. Coupled with traditional hospitality, this greatly simplifies your vacation and completely eliminates communication problems!Simplified visa regime— Cyprus is a member of the Schengen Agreement (you can come to Cyprus with an open Schengen visa issued by a third country), but issues a national visa. For citizens of Russia and Ukraine, the visa is free, you can get it using a simplified scheme - without leaving your home, in one day!
Safety— Cyprus is one of the safest countries in the world.
Cuisine of Cyprus- the cuisine of Cyprus is quite simple - fresh vegetables and fruits, fresh meat and fish, the freshest bread and the inevitable olives) The national cuisine is Mediterranean. Please note that in the mountainous regions meat cuisine is traditional, and in the coastal regions it is fish cuisine.
Cyprus has fresh, seasonal fruits and vegetables all year round. National regulations guarantee no additives or chemicals, so you can forget about the nitrate horror stories and enjoy your fresh fruit!
I would also like to say something about Cypriot wine, because winemaking has existed on the island for more than 5 thousand years!Travel and attractions— Cyprus provides a lot of opportunities for curious tourists: exciting individual excursions on a variety of topics, simplicity and accessibility of independent road trips around the island. In addition, all cities of Cyprus are connected by regular bus routes - you can travel around Cyprus on your own without even renting a car!
The variety of landscapes and attractions makes Cyprus very attractive to tourists. The main tourism destinations in Cyprus:
- Troodos mountains. In addition to traditional villages, small waterfalls and stunning views, there are many naturalistic walking routes of low difficulty;
- pilgrimage routes. The Orthodox churches of Cyprus attract pilgrims from all over the world. The ancient churches of Troodos deserve special mention; thanks to the preserved Byzantine frescoes, they are included in the UNESCO list of world cultural heritage.
— archaeological parks, Neolithic and antiquity. Cyprus has preserved unique ancient cities and settlements, and the ancient mosaics of Paphos are also noted by UNESCO.
- Northern Cyprus. Unique castles and fortresses of the Middle Ages, combined with a unique oriental flavor, attract a consistently high number of tourists.What is Cyprus famous for?
The main attraction of Cyprus is clean and equipped beaches Mediterranean Sea, some of the best in Europe. In 2018, 62 beaches and one promenade in Cyprus were awarded the international Blue Flag award.
Troodos Mountains- the mountain system of Cyprus with the highest point of 1952 meters (Mount Olmpus). In winter, snow falls in the mountains and there is one ski resort. The Troodos Mountains are a national nature park. Local forests are interesting for a large number of endemic plants, the most famous are the Cyprus cyclamen, golden oak, strawberry tree and Cypriot cedar. The most famous endemic - the inhabitant of Troodos - mouflon, is included in the international Red Book.
Heritage of ancient civilizations. Archaeologists believe that the first people settled in Cyprus 10 thousand years ago - the most interesting archaeological parks of the Neolithic period (Khirokitia and Tenta, included in the UNESCO world cultural heritage list) and the ancient period (Kourion, Salamis, Paphos archaeological park, Kition) are open to visitors , Amathus, Tamassos, Soli). In the cities of Cyprus, archaeological museums are open all year round, presenting archaeological finds and ancient artifacts.
Homeland of the goddess Aphrodite. It is believed that it was here, in Petra Tou Romiou Bay (between Limassol and Paphos), that the goddess of love emerged from the sea foam to then settle in Paphos. The cult of Aphrodite reigned on the island; the largest temples in Europe were built here. Currently, the ruins of temples can be seen in archaeological parks - the ancient city-states of Cyprus.
Orthodox heritage and monuments from the period of the birth and formation of Christianity. The Republic of Cyprus is an Orthodox state. The Cypriot Orthodox Church is an autocephalous apostolic church. Religious traditions are very strong here, church holidays are public holidays, the first president of the Republic of Cyprus after the declaration of its independence was Archbishop Makarius III. There are more than 700 temples and monasteries in Cyprus. The most famous is the Kykkos Monastery in the Troodos Mountains. Also interesting are the small ancient churches of Troodos with wall frescoes (listed as a UNESCO world cultural heritage).
Products, winemaking, agritourism. About half of the land in Cyprus is occupied by agriculture - there are fresh vegetables and fruits here all year round! Main crops: olives, grapes, citrus fruits, melons, wheat, potatoes, almonds, walnuts, pomegranates, beans, cherries, apricots and peaches. The wines of Cyprus are known far beyond the island - many wineries produce red and white wines, the famous knightly wine Commandaria, as well as strong drinks - brandy and zivania. Dairy products, in particular Cypriot cheeses, will delight the most sophisticated gourmet. Cypriot cuisine is one of the pillars of Mediterranean cuisine, and one of the most interesting attractions of the island!
Cyprus - what country is it? Let's look into this issue together. First of all, we note that this is an independent state since 1960. Previously it was Part of the population speaks Greek, part - Turkish. In 1974, Turkish troops invaded the island and occupied its northern part. Since that time, more than one hundred and fifty thousand settlers arrived in Cyprus.
The country is part of the European Union, its population is called Cypriots.
Territories in the north and south
Cyprus is divided into two parts. The north is controlled by the Turks. They formed the TRNC - the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus - in this area. However, only the Turks themselves recognize it. The rest call this territory occupied. The Republic of Cyprus is what country? Sovereign. It is located in the southern part of the island. It is sometimes mistakenly called Greek Cyprus.
Common Misconception
Cyprus - what country is it? The state in question, of course, has extensive cultural ties with Greece, but it is still independent. It is an internationally recognized country that has legal sovereignty over the entire island and its surrounding waters. The only exception is three percent of the territory, which, according to the annex to the decree establishing the republic, is allocated to Great Britain for the deployment of naval bases. As for the real state of affairs, the island is divided into four parts:
- (in the north);
Republic of Cyprus (in the south);
The so-called Green Line, dividing the two above-mentioned parts and controlled by the UN;
Two British military bases are Dhekelia and Akrotiri.
History of Cyprus
This island is the third largest among all others in the Mediterranean. Looking at Cyprus on the map, one can understand why the country had to overcome many difficulties and repel constant attacks by invaders. Everything is explained simply: for numerous neighbors, this island played the role of a naval base, was a source of taxes and valuable natural resources. The Greeks, who brought civilization to these territories, were attacked by the Assyrians, Persians, Romans, Phoenicians, Venetians, Byzantines, Latin Crusaders, British and Turks. Many people wanted to gain power over the island, but the Greeks managed to maintain their leading position.
Prehistoric period
During the Paleolithic era, the island was not yet inhabited by people; only Cypriot dwarf elephants (hippopotamuses) lived there. This has been confirmed more than once by the found remains of animals. Unfortunately, they all became extinct after man settled Cyprus. This happened in the Neolithic era, about nine to ten thousand years BC. The first people brought livestock with them - goats, cows, pigs, dogs. Newly-minted Cypriots actively built houses from burnt lime. Some houses reached ten meters in diameter.
Then the history of Cyprus takes a dramatic turn: around 3800 BC there was a powerful earthquake that destroyed the entire Neolithic culture. The Copper-Stone Age came to replace it. Unique artifacts have survived to this day - chisels and hooks made of pure copper.
The next stage in the development of history on the island in question is associated with the arrival of migrants from Anatolia. This happened around 2400 BC. e. - at the dawn of the Bronze Age. It was during this period that defensive fortresses began to appear, which indicates the tense situation of that time.
Found ceramic objects dating back to the Iron Age suggest that Cyprus was under Greek influence. The prehistoric period of development of the island ended with the appearance of Assyrian, and then Greek and Roman written sources telling about these territories.
Antiquity
In antiquity, Cyprus was still a disputed territory. In 526 BC, the Persians recaptured it from the Egyptians, and in 449 the island came under the rule of the Athenians. The conquerors of many countries of the world wrested the reins of Cyprus from each other for a long time. Thus, historians distinguish the Roman period, then the Byzantine period. In 1191, the island was captured by the Crusaders led by Richard the Lionheart. Subsequently, the island was occupied by the Ottomans and the British.
Period of communal tension
In 1960, Cyprus gained its long-awaited independence. Representatives of Turkey, England and Greece took part in the negotiations. As a result, the island was divided into two communities - Turkish and Greek. Archbishop Makarios became the first president. According to the 1960 Constitution, two communities were recognized - Greek (about 80% of the population) and Turkish (about 18%). At the same time, Turkish Cypriots received a third of all positions in the administrative apparatus and the right to veto laws. In addition, their representative also became the vice-president of the country.
Increasing tension between communities resulted in an armed clash. This event took place in 1963. The fighting ended only after the deployment of UN peacekeeping forces, but it was not possible to completely extinguish the conflict.
Military coup
The tense situation led to further clashes in 1974. As a result, a military junta came to power. The coup attempt was carried out by Greek Cypriot right-wing extremists. The legally elected President Makarios was overthrown. Cyprus reunited with Greece. Five days later, the Turkish authorities, under the pretext of protecting the Cypriot Turks, sent in their troops and occupied about forty percent of the northern territories of the country. As a result of this conflict, about six thousand people died and at least two hundred thousand left the island as refugees.
On the land occupied by the Turks, monuments were destroyed, Byzantine churches were plundered, and many cultural values were taken out of the country. On November 1, 1983, the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus was proclaimed. Until now, not a single state in the world has recognized it. The problem of dividing the island still worries Cypriots today.
Symbolism
(you can see the photo below) is a white panel with the silhouette of an island. The color of the latter is orange, and this is no coincidence, since it symbolizes the vast deposits of copper discovered in Cyprus around three thousand BC. Under the image of the island are two branches of an olive tree, representing the ethnic groups of Turks and Greeks living on the island. It is noteworthy that no other flag in the world uses the outline of a country.
Geographical position
Cyprus on the map is located at the intersection of the following regions: Asia Minor, North Africa and Europe. The island stretches from west to east for 240 km, and from north to south - 100 km. Its area is more than 9 thousand square meters. km. The Mediterranean Sea surrounding Cyprus makes the country attractive for beach lovers. The island's shores are mostly low-lying, slightly indented, and in the north they are rocky and steep. Their total length is about six hundred and fifty kilometers.
The coordinates of Cyprus are 35º10ˈ00ˈˈ north latitude and 33º21ˈ00ˈˈ south longitude.
Peculiarities
The geography of Cyprus owes its originality to a powerful volcanic eruption at the junction of the African and Asian geographic plates, as a result of which the island was formed. The terrain is predominantly mountainous. The Kyrenia (maximum height is 1023 m) and Karpas (highest point - 364 m) ranges stretch for almost 150 kilometers along the northern coast. They are different in structure because they were formed under the influence of different conditions. The southern and central territories are occupied by the Troodos mountain range.
What else is remarkable about Cyprus? The island's geographical position at the crossroads of air and sea routes makes it an important strategic asset in the Eastern Mediterranean.
Weather
The climate in Cyprus is stable and moderate. It is tropical Mediterranean, due to which the average life expectancy of the islanders is higher than, for example, the Americans or the British. Cypriots rarely suffer from infectious diseases.
In summer the temperature fluctuates between 25-35 degrees Celsius, and in winter it almost never drops below +10 Celsius. The period from October to April is usually rainy. The most favorable time for a beach holiday is from June to September. Hikers prefer to go to Cyprus in the spring, when the flowers bloom. The views of flowering meadows in Troodos are truly impressive.
Minerals
The island produces copper, marble, lime sulfate (gypsum), bentonite clay and natural dyes (ocher, umber). Thanks to the export of these resources, the Cypriot treasury is replenished with 32 million euros annually.
In December 2011, natural gas deposits were discovered on the island (south of the coast). Their estimated volume is from 160 to 255 billion cubic meters.
Vegetable world
Evergreen shrubs grow on the plains and foothills. Forests can be seen mainly in the mountainous areas, consisting of oaks, cypresses, Aleppo pines and giant cacti. There are orange and lemon groves. In total, 1,890 different species of trees grow on the territory of Cyprus, among them there are endemic ones, that is, characteristic only of this territory. Anemones can be found in forests, and asphodels can be found in wastelands and along roadsides. In ancient times, they were considered mysterious messengers of the underworld.
Animal world
The fauna of Cyprus is not as rich as the flora. It is home to wild boars, lizards, chameleons, turtles, wild rabbits, weasels, snakes and squirrels. There are more than three hundred species of birds on the island, including jays, great tits, dippers, crossbills, tufted crows, larks, imperial eagles, nightingales and kites.
Religion
The majority of Cypriots adhere to the Christian religion. There are many Orthodox churches on the island. According to the law, religion exists separately from the state. Each resident is free to choose their faith independently. Thus, Christians, Jews, Islamists, and Hindus live in Cyprus.
Attractions
Cyprus - what country is it? Independent and beautiful! Connoisseurs of antiquity are attracted by the ruins of ancient cities, monasteries, temples, and residential buildings. The abundance of monuments is explained by the fact that during Antiquity the island was a center of Mediterranean trade and was a crossing point for sea routes in the Middle Ages.
Nicosia
This city is one of the oldest in the world. Nicosia had the status of the capital of the island back in the tenth century. At present, it is not established exactly when this settlement was founded. Traces of the first settlers date back to the Bronze Age. At that time the city had a different name - Ledra.
Currently, Nicosia is divided, but even this fact does not detract from its charm. The central part of the city is surrounded by the gates of the Venetian Wall, built in 1570, and huge stone bastions. It has a radial layout and is called Old Nicosia.
The most outstanding architectural masterpiece of Nicosia is considered to be the Famagusta Gate, inside which exhibitions and musical evenings are held. In the central part of the city you can admire ancient limestone houses, stroll along Freedom Square and visit interesting shops, coffee shops and restaurants.
Not far from the gates of Famagusta is the oldest Byzantine church of Chrysaliniotissa, built back in 1450.
And there is much to admire outside the Venetian walls. Thus, on the site of the fortress moat, the Municipal Park was laid out. This place is like no other suitable for relaxing walks. Nearby is the Cyprus Museum. Its fourteen halls house numerous archaeological exhibits.
Limassol
This city is the second largest after Nicosia, located on the southern coast of the island. It is not as ancient as the capital, but attracts no less tourists thanks to its beautiful beaches and resorts. Among the latter are Centralos, Amatos and Yermasoyas. In addition, Limassol has interesting historical monuments, including even a monument erected in honor of Pushkin.
Not far from the city is the island of Troodos - a large picturesque massif. On its territory is the ancient residence of the rulers - Kolossi Castle, built by the Knights Hospitaller. There is an observation deck on the tower, which offers an amazing view of the surrounding area.
Amathus
This is another ancient city of Cyprus. Currently, only ruins remain of it. It has been established that it was founded approximately a thousand years BC. Over the next six centuries, Amathus flourished and developed. In the 7th century AD The city was attacked by the Arabs. The conquerors did not spare Amathus, and as a result it was very much destroyed. This city was finally razed to the ground by Richard the Lionheart. At the site of the ruins, archaeologists were able to discover baths, a sanctuary of Aphrodite, a water supply system and a basilica from the early Christian period.
It is not for nothing that the surrounding area of Amathus is called the Cypriot Riviera - there are gorgeous beaches, excellent weather, decent hotels, high-class restaurants, cafes and nightclubs.
Embassy in the capital of the Russian Federation
How to get a visa to visit the described island? To do this, you need to visit the Cyprus Embassy. In Moscow it is located at: st. Povarskaya, 9. Opening hours - from 9.30 to 16.30. In this case, documents are accepted until two o'clock in the afternoon, and issued from two to three. A visa can be issued within three to fourteen days. Currently the consular fee is 15 euros.
Conclusion
Cyprus is an island of which country? We found that he currently has autonomy. This state is not subordinate to either Greece or Turkey. That is why the question about which country Cyprus is in is incorrect, and may even hurt the feelings of local residents.
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